What is a common side effect of amphotericin B?

Amphotericin B is known for its antifungal properties, particularly in treating severe fungal infections. One of the most significant side effects associated with this drug is nephrotoxicity, which refers to kidney damage. This occurs because amphotericin B can bind to cholesterol in cell membranes—while it is effective against fungal cell membranes, it can also affect human cells, especially in the kidneys where it has a high affinity for kidney tissue.

The potential for nephrotoxicity is a critical factor that healthcare providers monitor closely when patients are being treated with amphotericin B. It is often necessary to assess renal function through measurements of serum creatinine and electrolyte levels before and during treatment. Strategies to mitigate nephrotoxicity include ensuring adequate hydration and using lipid formulations of amphotericin B, which are less toxic to the kidneys.

In contrast, while the other side effects listed may occur with different medications or under specific circumstances, nephrotoxicity remains the hallmark concern with amphotericin B usage, making it essential for healthcare providers to be vigilant when administering this potent antifungal agent.