What significant side effect should a nurse warn a patient about when using amphotericin B?

When using amphotericin B, it is essential for the nurse to warn the patient about the risk of nephrotoxicity. Amphotericin B is known to cause damage to the kidneys, which can lead to acute kidney injury. This is particularly significant because many patients requiring antifungal treatment may already have compromised renal function or other health issues that could be exacerbated by nephrotoxicity.

Understanding the mechanism of action of amphotericin B helps clarify this side effect. The drug binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, disrupting membrane integrity and leading to cell death. However, this action can also affect human cells, especially those in the kidneys, leading to alterations in renal function. It's necessary to monitor renal function closely during amphotericin therapy, including serum creatinine and electrolyte levels, to mitigate the risk of serious complications.

While gastrointestinal upset, visual disturbances, and cardiac arrhythmias can be associated with other medications or conditions, they are not the hallmark side effects of amphotericin B. Therefore, emphasizing nephrotoxicity is crucial for patient safety and effective management during treatment.