Which antifungal agent is available for both systemic and topical use?

Ketoconazole is notable for its versatility, as it is available for both systemic and topical use. This broad application is a key feature that distinguishes it from many other antifungal agents. When administered systemically, ketoconazole is effective in treating various fungal infections, including those caused by dermatophytes and some dimorphic fungi. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, which is an essential component of fungal cell membranes, leading to cell death.

Topically, ketoconazole is commonly used in the form of creams and shampoos for localized infections like seborrheic dermatitis and tinea versicolor. The ability to use ketoconazole both ways makes it a practical choice in clinical settings where different routes of administration may be needed based on the location and severity of the infection.

In contrast, fluconazole is primarily used systemically and is not typically formulated for topical use, while clotrimazole is largely a topical agent and is not suitable for systemic administration. Griseofulvin is also mainly utilized systemically for dermatophyte infections and does not have topical applications. Thus, ketoconazole's dual availability gives it a unique advantage in treating both superficial and systemic fungal infections.